The bio-digester toilet technology is one of the fastest growing toilet options in urban
Ghana. The use of bio-digesters has been given a boost by the World Bank funded
GAMA Sanitation and Water Project (2014-2020) which seeks to provide improved
sanitation to low income urban areas. Currently bio-digesters are the predominant
toilet technologies in the low-income communities within GAMA with about 98 % of
all constructed household toilets under the project being bio-digesters. The number
of variants of the bio-digester has increased over the years with di!erent service
providers providing di!erent designs and configuration of the technology. This has
necessitated the need for standardization through a construction manual.